Nigerian professor solves 156-yr-old Riemann Hypothesis to scoop $1 million prize

Dr Opeyemi Enoch

One of the most important problems in mathematics - the Riemann Hypothesis - has finally been solved by a Nigerian professor.

Dr Opeyemi Enoch said he made a key breakthrough in 2010 which later enabled him to solve the puzzle, which is one of the seven Millennium Problems in Mathematics. 

These seven puzzles were set by The Clay Mathematics Institute in 2000 and the organisation has now rewarded Dr Enoch with a $1 million (£658,000) prize for his discovery.

The Riemann Hypothesis was proposed by mathematician Bernard Riemann in 1859 and concerns the distribution of prime numbers.

It has become arguably the most famous problem in mathematics, since Fermat's Last Theorem was solved in the 1990s. 

At its most simple, the distribution of prime numbers among all others doesn't follow a regular pattern.

However, Riemann noticed that the frequency of prime numbers is very closely related to the behaviour of an elaborate function called the Riemann Zeta function.

The hypothesis asserts that all solutions of the equation ζ(s) = 0 lies on a certain vertical straight line, according to the Clay Mathematics Institute.

While this has been checked for the first 10,000,000,000 solutions, it is only now that a proof explaining their distribution beyond this has been found. 

The Riemann Hypothesis was proposed by mathematician Bernard Riemann in 1859 (his working is pictured) and concerns the distribution of prime numbers. It has become arguably the most famous problem in mathematics, since Fermat's Last Theorem was solved in the 1990sr Enoch, who teaches at the Federal University of Oye Ekiti (FUOYE) in Nigeria, said he was motivated to solve the 156-year-old problem because of his students.

He told the BBC that they wanted him to make money from the internet.

'The motivation was because my students trusted that the solution could come from me - not because the financial reward and that was why I started trying to solve the problem in the first place,' he said.

THE MILLENNIUM PRIZE PROBLEMS 

The Millennium Prize Problems were launched on 24 May, 2000.

They include seven problems considered by the Clay Mathematics Institute to be 'important classic questions that have resisted solution over the years'.

These include: P versus NP, The Hodge conjecture, The Poincaré conjecture, The Riemann hypothesis, Yang–Mills existence and mass gap, Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness and The Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture.

The full details of each are available from the institute's website.  

The first person to solve each of the problems will receive $1 million (£658,000).

The professor presented his proof on 11 November during the International Conference on Mathematics and Computer Science in Vienna, Nigerian news site Vanguard reported.

A statement from the university said that having started investigating the problem, Dr Enoch 'went on to consider and to correct the misconceptions that were communicated by mathematicians in the past generations, thus paving way for his solutions and proofs to be established.

'He also showed how other problems of this kind can be formulated and obtained the matrix that Hilbert and Poly predicted will give these undiscovered solutions. 

'He revealed how these solutions are applicable in cryptography, quantum information science and in quantum computers.'

Despite his achievement, the academic said some people have been critical by asking "If this man can solve the Riemann problem...why should he not be able to provide solutions to Nigeria's problems?" Dr Enoch said.

'Some guys celebrated it, some criticised it- saying what has that got to do with putting food on the tables of Nigerians.'

Dr Enoch has previously designed a prototype silo for poor farmers and is working on how to protect oil pipelines from vandalism as well as mathematical approaches to climate change.  

Culled from DAILY MAIL